I thought I would add some ideas about capturing the wasted solar electricity that I typically have on any given day. If you have ideas about storing excess power OUTSIDE of a system of batteries I would be happy to read your suggestions.
The set of 1.6kW panels usually push my four 6V deep-cycle marine lead-acid batteries to the maximum 29.6VDC level by around 11AM. In my 30-day history the maximum is 2kWh for a day. On average, I'm wasting half that daily.
- I use the (Kasa app—based) TP-Link HS110/HS100/HS105 devices to remotely turn ON/OFF and schedule AC devices. The HS110 includes a fair amount of power statistics which I find useful.
- One of these controlled circuits then is a battery charger which charges a single 12VDC deep-cycle marine lead-acid battery. This then is attached to a dedicated inverter with a remote power switch. I use this system to power a grow light for pineapples at the moment. On sunny days outside I then dump power into this system for the pineapples inside (rather than wasting the electricity in the afternoon).
- I have repurposed several 20-pound steel cylinders from an insulation foaming project. Each get filled with sand and a heating element recycled from a typical 120VAC small space heater. One could alternately purchase or reuse the heating element from a hot water heater. You could dump waste energy into the sand batteries in this way so that they may radiate heat in your home after the sun has gone down.
- You could dump the waste energy into a well head pump and only operate the pump then under these conditions if the tank isn't otherwise full.
- You could operate a pump for a drip irrigation system in your garden in the afternoon.
- You could split water into hydrogen/oxygen reservoirs after the batteries have reached their maximum, gradually creating a stockpile of the separated gases. Connecting the reservoirs to a bank of PEM cells or a fuel cell could then generate power by running a motor from the DC output, for example.
- You could connect a string of resistors to the back of your solar panels and dump heat to them (with a layer of insulation) on surplus solar days in which the night's weather report calls for snow. (I got at least nine inches of snow accumulation on my nearly-vertical panels just last night alone.)
- I sometimes setup a DeWalt 20VDC charger and charge my entire set of portable batteries in the afternoon.
- I used to mine Ethereum (cryptocurrency) on a mining rig. One could do this activity just in the afternoon, for example.
I intend to program a VenusOS Pi computer to itself exercise the TP-Link programming API at a later date to orchestrate some of these projects.